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(詳細はdialect of the Ojibwe language spoken in a series of communities in southern Ontario and a smaller number of communities in northern Michigan. Ottawa has a phonological inventory of seventeen consonants and seven oral vowels; in addition, there are long nasal vowels the phonological status of which are discussed below.〔See e.g. for the segmental inventories of Southwestern Ojibwa, and for Severn Ojibwe〕 An overview of general Ojibwa phonology and phonetics can be found in the article on Ojibwe phonology. The Ottawa writing system described in Modern orthography is used to write Ottawa words, with transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) used as needed. Significant innovations in Ottawa phonology differentiate it from other dialects of Ojibwe. It is characterized by a pervasive pattern of vowel syncope, by which short vowels are completely deleted or in certain circumstances reduced to schwa , when they appear in metrically defined Weak syllables. The notable effects of Syncope are: #Syncope increases the distinctiveness of Ottawa relative to other dialects of Ojibwe, as syncope makes the pronunciation and representation of many Ottawa words significantly different from those of other dialects of Ojibwe. #By deleting short vowels between consonants, syncope also creates new consonant clusters that do not occur in other dialects of Ojibwe. #In some cases, syncope results in further adjustments in the pronunciation of consonant sequences #Syncope has also resulted in new forms of the person prefixes that occur on nouns and verbs. #Syncope has increased the amount of variability in the pronunciation of words that contains vowels subject to syncope, as speakers frequently have more than one way of pronouncing person prefixes and words. ==Consonants== Consonants are written using the conventional symbol from the Ottawa writing system, with the symbol from the International Phonetic Alphabetic (IPA) following where the two vary. The stop, fricative, and affricate consonants are divided into two sets, conventionally referred to as Fortis and Lenis, or equivalently 'Strong' and 'Weak.' Each fortis consonant is matched with a corresponding lenis consonant with the same place of articulation and manner of articulation. The fortis consonants (''p, t, k, ch, s, sh'') are invariably voiceless and phonetically long. The stops are also aspirated in most positions: , , , , but unaspirated after another consonant. The lenis consonants (''b, d, g, j, z, zh'') are typically voiced intervocalically and word-initially before a vowel but are devoiced in word-final position. They are also often subject to other phonological processes when adjacent to fortis consonants. A number of consonants occur only in loanwords from English: ''f, r, l''. The labialized stop consonants and also occur in the speech of some speakers. Labialization is not normally indicated, but a subscript dot is utilized in , a dictionary of Ottawa and Eastern Ojibwe, to mark labialization: ''ɡ̣taaji'' ('s/he is afraid') and ''aaḳzi'' ('s/he is sick.') The contrast between fortis and lenis consonants has been interpreted as a distinction between geminate and non-geminate consonants. However, it has also been argued that Ottawa fortis consonants should be analysed as consonant clusters. In support of this analysis, Ottawa fortis consonants correspond to clusters of /h/ followed by a lenis consonant in the dialects of northwestern Ontario, and the fortis consonants are descended from sequences of consonants in Proto-Algonquian, the reconstructed ancestor language from which Ojibwe and its dialects descend. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ottawa phonology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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